Investment arbitration is increasingly recognised as an obstacle to the implementation of ambitious climate policies by states. This issue will be on the agenda of the “First Conference on Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels”, which will take place in Colombia from 24 to 29 April 2026 and will be co-hosted by Colombia and the Netherlands.

In this context, and as part of the consultation on the Brazilian COP Presidency Roadmap entitled “Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels” (TAFF), the Veblen Institute has prepared this brief to put forward several concrete proposals.

In response to the call launched by more than 200 economists and academics, Colombian President Gustavo Petro announced on 23 March his intention to withdraw his country from the investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) system. European governments should seize this opportunity to plan a coordinated exit from the current investment protection regime together with other participating countries.